NECO Civic Education OBJ, ESSAY/Theory Questions and Answer – May/June 2017 Expo Runz
Civic OBJ
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Civic Education THEORY
INSTRUCTION: answer four(4) questions in all, two(2) from each section.
SECTION I
1a)
causes of HIV/AIDS
(I) Through semen: Most people get the virus by having unprotected sex with someone who has HIV.
(ii) infected needles: Another common way of getting it is by sharing drug needles with someone who is infected with HIV.
(iii) infected mother: The virus can also be passed from a mother to her baby during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding.
(iv) If tissues or organs from an infected person are transplanted, the recipient may acquire HIV.
1b)
Symptoms of HIV/AIDS
(i) Fever.
(ii) Sore throat.
(iii) Headache.
(iv) Muscle aches and joint pain.
(v) Swollen glands (swollen lymph nodes).
(vi) Skin rash
(vii) Fatigue
2a)
Human trafficking is the trade in humans, most commonly for the purpose of sexual slavery, forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation for the traffickers.
2b)
i)Poverty: This is a situation where a person fall short of a level of economic welfare, where a person lacks the basic human want which are clothing, food and shelter.
ii) Lack of employment opportunities: Due to the bad economic situation of some countries that made some people jobless, some people therefore get lured and deceived by traffickers because they want to get out of the country and thereby using them as slaves and prostitutes in other countries.
iii)Profit: Because of the profits the trafficker wants to make from doing trafficking business make them to engage themselves in such evil business all because of profit.
iv)Illiterates: Illiterates are those who are not able to read or write, illiteracy has made so many people to become a victim of trafficking, for instance, signing on a paper you do not have any knowledge about.
v)Economic system: Because of poor economic system of some countries the citizens prefer to live somewhere else and would not mind to go anywhere and because of this they become a victim.
vi)Greed: Some people are not satisfied with what they have, because of the love to earn more than what they can have they end up falling into the hands of traffickers.
SECTION II
5a)
Citizenship is the status of a person recognized under the custom or law as being a legal member of a sovereign state or part of a nation.
5b)
i) Citizenship by Birth (jus sanguinis). If one or both of a person’s parents are citizens of a given state, then the person may have the right to be a citizen of that state as well
ii)Citizenship by Registration
A person can be a citizen of a country through registration. This mostly occurs to women who marry foreign nationals. For instance, a Gambian woman married to a Nigerian may register as a citizen of Nigeria but she must satisfy certain conditions such as residing in Nigeria and should take the oath of allegiance to Nigeria and renounce her Gambian citizenship.
iii) Citizenship by Naturalization
This is another way through which an individual can acquire citizenship in a country. Through this method, the individual must satisfy certain basic conditions such as in the case of Nigeria, the individual must have lived in Nigeria for not less than 15 years, he must have a job, he must be an honourable person, that is, not a criminal and must be recommended by a very important person in the country.
iv)Citizenship by Descent
This is a method of acquiring citizenship of another country as a result of the fact that his grandparents are citizens of the country.
6a)
Public service is a service which is provided by government to people
living within its jurisdiction, either directly (through the public sector) or by financing provision of services.
6b)
1)Lack of Qualified Personnel: Most people in various public service offices either neglect their right jobs or have little or no experience about it but carry out such services due to their search for greener pasture.
2)Corruption : The effectiveness of the public service has been slowed down by bribery and corruption to the extent that public servants fail to perform their official duties as they look forward to bribery before carrying out their duties.
3)Bureaucracy : This means the excessive use of formalities in the public service which may militate against effectiveness.
4)Tribalism: This has been the yardstick for choosing who to employ and sack in the Nigerian public service.
5)Political Instability : Constant and regular change of top rank office holders in public service brings about constant instability of rules and regulations. This constantly leads to the shortcomings in the public service.
6)
Political Interference : Many Governments in power do not allow the free flow of duties due to their undue interference which at most times is only favorable to
politicians.
BONUS
7a)
Civil society refers to any non-governmental entity formed by a group of people with similar interests who come together to work on a common goal
7b)
i)Civil society makes state at all level to be accountable, responsive and to be more effective. They help to limit and control the power of the state
ii)It promotes political participation through the process of educating people about the about their rights and obligations as democratic citizen and also encourage them to participate in election.
iii)Building community; engagement and participation in voluntary associations also has the potential to strengthen bonds among citizens.
iv)Socialization; civil society contributes to the formation and practice of democratic attitudes among citizens. Thus people learn to develop tolerance, mutual trust and the ability to relate with people.
v)It can also help to play an important role in meditating and helping to resolve conflict.
COMPLETED – GOOD LUCK
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